Research Library
Curated reviews of peer-reviewed research relevant to hirudotherapy
ASH structured research registries
In addition to 10051+ long-form research articles below, ASH curates 5 structured registries with cross-linking:
Editorial transparency & research roadmap
ASH treats this library as a living dataset. Current import baseline: 10051 long-form articles plus 449 metadata-imported PubMed/DOI records, with a public 10,000-article ingestion target. The pages below explain how we grade evidence, what PMIDs are still unverified, and where the corpus is going next.
Last updated: June 18, 2026
The ASH Research Library currently indexes 269 peer-reviewed publications relevant to hirudotherapy, spanning clinical trials, microsurgery outcomes, genomics & proteomics, drug development, salivary pharmacology, and safety & infection control. Each article carries a full citation and a link to the primary source where available. A curated subset (50+ entries) is fully annotated in Hirudopedia by condition, evidence grade, and study design.
Evidence discipline
Research categories
Antimicrobial Resistance
AMPs, antibiotic synergy, and novel approaches to drug-resistant pathogens.
248 articles
Salivary Pharmacology
Bioactive compounds in leech saliva — discovery, characterization, and therapeutic potential.
967 articles
Drug Development
Bench-to-bedside translation of leech-derived compounds.
3,263 articles
Clinical Trials
Randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews of leech therapy outcomes.
6,465 articles
Safety & Infection Control
Aeromonas surveillance, prophylaxis protocols, and adverse event data.
994 articles
Genomics & Proteomics
Omics-based discovery of novel leech salivary proteins and their functions.
807 articles
All articles
Recent research articles carrying original, peer-reviewed ASH analysis. See the full index of all 515 analysed articles, or search the complete 10,051-article corpus in the Smart Library (faceted by topic, evidence grade, year, and verification status).
Comparison of bleeding and thrombotic outcomes in veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: Heparin versus bivalirudin
Drug DevelopmentKartika et al. (2024) — European journal of haematology
Peer-reviewed pharmacology and drug-development research relevant to anticoagulants and leech-derived compounds. Indexed in PubMed and verified against the NCBI record.
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Argatroban anticoagulation for heparin induced thrombocytopenia in patients with ventricular assist devices
Drug DevelopmentPappalardo et al. (2012) — Minerva anestesiologica
Peer-reviewed pharmacology and drug-development research relevant to anticoagulants and leech-derived compounds. Indexed in PubMed and verified against the NCBI record.
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Heparin-induced thrombosis with a normal platelet count
Clinical TrialsAlvarez et al. (2007) — Critical care and resuscitation : journal of the Australasian Academy of Critical Care Medicine
Peer-reviewed clinical and outcomes research relevant to medicinal leech therapy and its biology. Indexed in PubMed and verified against the NCBI record.
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Effects of Bivalirudin and Unfractionated Heparin on Liver and Renal Function in Chinese Patients with Coronary Artery Disease Undergoing Coronary Angiography with/without Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Drug DevelopmentJia et al. (2021) — Journal of clinical and translational hepatology
Peer-reviewed pharmacology and drug-development research relevant to anticoagulants and leech-derived compounds. Indexed in PubMed and verified against the NCBI record.
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Association Between Argatroban and Outcomes of Branch Atheromatous Disease: A Propensity-Matched Analysis From MRI-Based Study
Drug DevelopmentLi et al. (2025) — CNS neuroscience & therapeutics
Peer-reviewed pharmacology and drug-development research relevant to anticoagulants and leech-derived compounds. Indexed in PubMed and verified against the NCBI record.
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Safety and efficacy of argatroban combined with antiplatelet therapy for acute mild-to-moderate ischemic stroke with large artery atherosclerosis
Drug DevelopmentYan et al. (2025) — Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases : the official journal of National Stroke Association
Peer-reviewed pharmacology and drug-development research relevant to anticoagulants and leech-derived compounds. Indexed in PubMed and verified against the NCBI record.
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Delayed-onset eptifibatide-induced thrombocytopenia
Clinical TrialsHuffman et al. (2024) — American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists
Peer-reviewed clinical and outcomes research relevant to medicinal leech therapy and its biology. Indexed in PubMed and verified against the NCBI record.
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Clinical impact of kidney function in patients with atrial fibrillation receiving oral anticoagulants
Clinical TrialsMatsuoka et al. (2025) — International journal of cardiology
Peer-reviewed clinical and outcomes research relevant to medicinal leech therapy and its biology. Indexed in PubMed and verified against the NCBI record.
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Renal outcomes following oral anticoagulation in non-valvular atrial fibrillation: A multicentre, propensity-matched retrospective analysis in an Asian population
Clinical TrialsKoh et al. (2025) — Asian cardiovascular & thoracic annals
Peer-reviewed clinical and outcomes research relevant to medicinal leech therapy and its biology. Indexed in PubMed and verified against the NCBI record.
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Effectiveness and Safety in Patients with Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation Who Switched from Warfarin to Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Medicare Population
Clinical TrialsAtreja et al. (2025) — Advances in therapy
Peer-reviewed clinical and outcomes research relevant to medicinal leech therapy and its biology. Indexed in PubMed and verified against the NCBI record.
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Population pharmacokinetics of unfractionated heparin and multivariable analysis of activated clotting time in patients undergoing radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation
Drug DevelopmentKonecki et al. (2024) — Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie
Peer-reviewed pharmacology and drug-development research relevant to anticoagulants and leech-derived compounds. Indexed in PubMed and verified against the NCBI record.
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Bleeding Associated With Antiarrhythmic Drugs in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Using Direct Oral Anticoagulants: A Nationwide Population Cohort Study
Clinical TrialsWu et al. (2024) — Journal of the American Heart Association
Peer-reviewed clinical and outcomes research relevant to medicinal leech therapy and its biology. Indexed in PubMed and verified against the NCBI record.
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Comparing Efficacy and Safety of Different Anticoagulants in Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis
Clinical TrialsWaseem et al. (2026) — Clinical and applied thrombosis/hemostasis : official journal of the International Academy of Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis
Peer-reviewed clinical and outcomes research relevant to medicinal leech therapy and its biology. Indexed in PubMed and verified against the NCBI record.
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PROS1 (Cys228Tyr) missense mutation associated with mesenteric and pulmonary venous thromboembolism during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case report
Clinical TrialsHuang et al. (2025) — Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine
Peer-reviewed clinical and outcomes research relevant to medicinal leech therapy and its biology. Indexed in PubMed and verified against the NCBI record.
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Comparison of VTE prophylaxis agents on hemoglobin levels after total knee arthroplasty: a hospital information system-based observational study
Safety & Infection ControlYuan et al. (2025) — Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research
Peer-reviewed safety and infection-control research relevant to leech therapy and microsurgical wound management. Indexed in PubMed and verified against the NCBI record.
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Upper Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis Secondary to Gastric Cancer: A Case Report
Clinical TrialsTakano et al. (2026) — Cureus
Peer-reviewed clinical and outcomes research relevant to medicinal leech therapy and its biology. Indexed in PubMed and verified against the NCBI record.
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Treatment of cancer-associated thrombosis: The evolution of anticoagulant choice and clinical insights into practical management
Clinical TrialsRiess et al. (2021) — Critical reviews in oncology/hematology
Peer-reviewed clinical and outcomes research relevant to medicinal leech therapy and its biology. Indexed in PubMed and verified against the NCBI record.
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An update on the efficacy and safety of novel anticoagulants for cancer associated thrombosis
Clinical TrialsCosmi (2021) — Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
Peer-reviewed clinical and outcomes research relevant to medicinal leech therapy and its biology. Indexed in PubMed and verified against the NCBI record.
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Efficacy and safety of Xa inhibitors for the treatment of cancer-associated venous thromboembolism
Drug DevelopmentKimpton et al. (2019) — Expert opinion on drug safety
Peer-reviewed pharmacology and drug-development research relevant to anticoagulants and leech-derived compounds. Indexed in PubMed and verified against the NCBI record.
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Peak and Trough Concentration Ranges of Factor Xa Inhibitors for Preventing Thromboembolic Stroke in Korean Patients with Non-valvular Atrial Fibrillation
Drug DevelopmentPark et al. (2026) — Annals of laboratory medicine
Peer-reviewed pharmacology and drug-development research relevant to anticoagulants and leech-derived compounds. Indexed in PubMed and verified against the NCBI record.
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Real-world evidence comparing oral anticoagulants for NVAF in Europe: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Clinical TrialsCichewicz et al. (2025) — Future cardiology
Peer-reviewed clinical and outcomes research relevant to medicinal leech therapy and its biology. Indexed in PubMed and verified against the NCBI record.
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Edoxaban-Induced Vanishing Bile Duct Syndrome: A Case Report With Review of the Literature
Drug DevelopmentBorgonovo et al. (2024) — Cureus
Peer-reviewed pharmacology and drug-development research relevant to anticoagulants and leech-derived compounds. Indexed in PubMed and verified against the NCBI record.
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Optimizing warfarin dosing for patients with atrial fibrillation using machine learning
Drug DevelopmentPetch et al. (2024) — Scientific reports
Peer-reviewed pharmacology and drug-development research relevant to anticoagulants and leech-derived compounds. Indexed in PubMed and verified against the NCBI record.
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Perioperative management of antithrombotic therapy: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines.
Clinical TrialsDouketis et al. (2012) — Chest
This guideline addresses the management of patients who are receiving anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy and require an elective surgery or procedure. The methods herein follow those discussed in the Methodology for the Development of Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis Guidelines.
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Suggest a paper for review
Know of a significant publication relevant to hirudotherapy? We welcome suggestions for our research library.
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