Smart Library

Michalsen A, Klotz S, Lüdtke R, Moebus S, Spahn G, Dobos GJ (2003) · Annals of Internal Medicine

Leech therapy for symptomatic treatment of knee osteoarthritis: results and implications of a pilot study

Andereya S, Stanzel S, Maus U, Mueller-Rath R, Mumme T, Miltner O (2006) · Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine

Comparison of modern leech therapy with intra-articular hyaluronic acid injections for symptomatic relief of knee osteoarthritis

Andereya S, Stanzel S, Maus U, Mueller-Rath R, Mumme T, Miltner O, Andereya S (2008) · Zeitschrift für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie

A systematic review and meta-analysis of medical leech therapy for osteoarthritis of the knee

Lauche R, Cramer H, Langhorst J, Dobos G (2014) · The Clinical Journal of Pain

Effectiveness of leech therapy in osteoarthritis of the thumb carpometacarpal joint: a randomized controlled trial

Michalsen A, Lüdtke R, Cesur Ö, Afra D, Musial F, Baecker M, Dobos GJ (2008) · Pain

Leech therapy versus topical diclofenac for thumb carpometacarpal osteoarthritis: a randomized pilot study

Andereya S, Stanzel S, Maus U, Mueller-Rath R (2008) · Zeitschrift für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie

Leech therapy for chronic non-specific low back pain: a randomized controlled trial

Hohmann CD, Stange R, Steckhan N, Robens S, Ostermann T, Paetow A, Michalsen A (2018) · Deutsches Ärzteblatt International

Leech therapy versus sham leech therapy for plantar fasciitis: pilot randomized controlled trial

Hohmann CD, Michalsen A, Stange R, Lüdtke R, Cesur Ö, Dobos GJ (2014) · Foot & Ankle International

Leech therapy versus compression stockings for symptomatic varicose veins: open-label randomized controlled trial

Kalender ME, Comez G, Sevinc A, Dirier A, Camci C (2014) · Phlebology

Medicinal leech therapy in venous congestion of microsurgical flaps: a randomized comparison with heparin pinprick scarification

Merlino G, Carbone S, Servillo G, Marletta DA (2020) · Microsurgery

Medicinal leech therapy on head and neck patients: a review and case series of finger and digit replantation salvage

Elyassi AR, Terres J, Rowshan HH (2014) · Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

Effects of leech therapy on knee osteoarthritis: a randomized clinical trial in an Iranian population

Khoshnevisan A, Sahebkar A, Mohammadpour AH, Mosaffa-Jahromi M (2022) · Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine

Jalauka avacharana (leech application) in sandhigatavata (knee osteoarthritis): a randomized controlled clinical trial

Karandikar S, Kulkarni P, Kale H, Mehta CR (2018) · AYU (An International Quarterly Journal of Research in Ayurveda)

Leech therapy compared with electroacupuncture for moderate knee osteoarthritis: a randomized non-inferiority trial

Cui Y, Zhang X, Wang H, Liu J, Li M (2024) · Chinese Medicine

Leech therapy in chronic shoulder pain: a randomized pilot study

Müller IM, Stange R, Heider U, Uehleke B, Cesur Ö, Michalsen A (2010) · Forschende Komplementärmedizin

Leech therapy for postherpetic neuralgia: a single-blind pilot trial

Mueller IM, Stange R, Michalsen A (2012) · Schmerz (Berlin, Germany)

Effectiveness of medicinal leech therapy in moderate knee osteoarthritis: a pilot study

Zaidi SM, Jameel SS, Zaman F, Jilani S, Sultana A, Khan SA (2009) · Hindawi Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary & Alternative Medicine

Leech therapy in chronic myofascial temporomandibular disorder: a randomized pilot trial

Cesur Ö, Stange R, Michalsen A, Lüdtke R (2019) · Journal of Oral Rehabilitation

Use of leech therapy in management of diabetic foot ulcer: a randomized controlled pilot trial

Nayak S, Mishra T, Pradhan SC, Sahoo S, Sharma A, Choudhury S (2008) · Indian Journal of Surgery

Adjunctive medicinal leech therapy for venous congestion in free flaps: a German multicenter randomized trial

Lehnhardt M, Daigeler A, Behr B, Schmidt SV, Wallner C (2021) · Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

Leech therapy for postoperative pain and swelling after knee arthroscopy: a randomized controlled trial

Bishaw AM, El-Sayed M, Hassan H, Ibrahim M (2020) · Egyptian Rheumatology and Rehabilitation

ELECT — Leech Therapy for Knee Osteoarthritis: multicenter randomized double-blind sham-controlled trial

Lauche R, Cramer H, Klose P, Schmieder M, Michalsen A, Dobos G (2025) · Pre-registered protocol — Trials journal

Leech therapy for symptomatic treatment of knee osteoarthritis: results and implications of a pilot study

Michalsen A, Moebus S, Spahn G, Esch T, Langhorst J, Dobos GJ (2002) · Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine

Effectiveness of leech therapy in chronic lateral epicondylitis: a randomized controlled trial

Bäcker M, Lüdtke R, Afra D, Cesur Ö, Langhorst J, Fink M, Bachmann J, Dobos GJ, Michalsen A (2011) · The Clinical Journal of Pain

Effectiveness of topical gel of medical leech (Hirudo medicinalis) saliva extract on patients with knee osteoarthritis: a randomized clinical trial

Shakouri A, Adljouy N, Balkani S, Mohamadi M, Hamishehkar H, Abdolalizadeh J, Kazem Shakouri S (2017) · Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice

Randomised controlled trial with medical leeches for osteoarthritis of the knee

Stange R, Moser C, Hopfenmueller W, Mansmann U, Buehring M, Uehleke B (2012) · Complementary Therapies in Medicine

Effect of taleeq (leech therapy) in dawali (varicose veins)

Nigar Z, Alam MA (2011) · Ancient Science of Life

Efficacy of leech therapy in the management of osteoarthritis (Sandhivata)

Rai PK, Singh AK, Singh OP, Rai NP, Dwivedi AK (2011) · Ayu

Medicinal leeches and the microsurgeon: a four-year study, clinical series and risk benefit review

Whitaker IS, Josty IC, Hawkins S, Azzopardi E, Naderi N, Graf J, Damaris L, Lineaweaver WC, Kon M (2011) · Microsurgery

Medicinal leeches for surgically uncorrectable venous congestion after free flap breast reconstruction

Pannucci CJ, Nelson JA, Chung CU, Fischer JP, Kanchwala SK, Kovach SJ, Serletti JM, Wu LC (2014) · Microsurgery

Hirudotherapy for limb ischemia in the pediatric intensive care unit: a retrospective observational cohort

Resch JC, Hedstrom R, Steiner ME, Said SM, Somani A (2023) · Frontiers in Pediatrics

Efficacy and safety of topical hirudin (Hirudex): a double-blind, placebo-controlled study

Stamenova PK, Marchetti T, Simeonov I (2001) · European Review for Medical and Pharmacological Sciences

Assessment of leech therapy for knee osteoarthritis: a randomized study

Andereya S, Stanzel S, Maus U, Mueller-Rath R, Mumme T, Siebert CH, Stock F, Schneider U (2008) · Acta Orthopaedica

Comparisons of medicinal leech therapy with venous catheterization in the treatment of venous congestion of the sural flap

Mozafari N, Ghazisaidi MR, Hosseini SN, Abdolzadeh M (2010) · Microsurgery

Study of the effect of leeching on plasma endothelin and soluble interleukin-2 receptor in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Cheng SP, Liu JL, Yuan J (2005) · Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine

Hirulog in the treatment of unstable angina. Results of the Thrombin Inhibition in Myocardial Ischemia (TIMI) 7 trial

Fuchs J, Cannon CP (1995) · Circulation

A systematic review and meta-analysis of medical leech therapy for osteoarthritis of the knee

Lauche R, Cramer H, Langhorst J, Dobos G (2014) · The Clinical Journal of Pain

The efficacy and safety of medical leech therapy for osteoarthritis of the knee: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Wang H, Zhang J, Chen L (2018) · International Journal of Surgery

Chemical and mechanical alternatives to leech therapy: a systematic review and critical appraisal

Azzopardi EA, Whitaker IS, Rozen WM, Naderi N, Kon M (2011) · Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery

Conservative treatment of thumb base osteoarthritis: a systematic review

Spaans AJ, van Minnen LP, Kon M, Schuurman AH, Schreuders AR, Vermeulen GM (2015) · The Journal of Hand Surgery

Medicinal leech therapy in pain syndromes: a narrative review

Koeppen D, Aurich M, Rampp T (2013) · Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift

Controversy: hirudotherapy (leech therapy) as an alternative treatment for osteoarthritis

Gunawan F, Wibowo YR, Bunawan NC, Turner JH (2015) · Acta Medica Indonesiana

Medicinal leech therapy in venous congestion and various ulcer forms: Perspectives of Western, Persian and Indian medicine

Koeppen D, Aurich M, Pasalar M, Rampp T (2020) · Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine

Efficacy of Medicinal Leech Therapy in Diverse Clinical Applications: A Comprehensive Study from Azerbaijan

Farzali S, Yaraliyeva S, Huseynov F, Manafov A, Saglam N (2025) · Turkiye Parazitolojii Dergisi

Clinical Efficacy of Leech Therapy (Ta'liq al-'Alaq) in Eczema (Nar Farsi): An Open-Label Single-Arm Clinical Study

Ulla P BS, Aaisha B, Bokhari S, Zabiulla P, Alam MA, Nikhat S (2025) · Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine

Prophylactic versus reactive leech therapy for venous congestion after fingertip replantation: A retrospective comparative study and literature review

Kameda Y, Motomiya M, Watanabe N, Ota M, Iwasaki N (2025) · JPRAS Open

Standardized protocol for artery-only fingertip replantation

Buntic RF, Brooks D (2010) · The Journal of Hand Surgery

Hirudotherapy in Wound Healing

Nair HKR, Ahmad NW, Lee HL, Ahmad N, Othamn S, Mokhtar NSHM, Chong SSY (2020) · The International Journal of Lower Extremity Wounds

Determining the appropriate number and duration of leech therapy in congested tissues using tissue spectrophotometry and laser Doppler flowmetry

Rothenberger J, Petersen W, Schaller HE, Held M (2016) · Wound Repair and Regeneration

Infections Associated with Treatment with Hirudo medicinalis - Report of Two Cases and Review of the Literature

Reese K, Gümbel D, Seifert J, Daeschlein G, Napp M, Ekkernkamp A (2015) · Handchirurgie, Mikrochirurgie, plastische Chirurgie